Generatywna sztuczna inteligencja jako narzędzie kampanii dezinformacyjnych: wyzwania dla procesów demokratycznych, budowania odporności społecznej i regulacji Unii Europejskiej

The development of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) poses new challenges to the integrity of democratic processes, particularly in the context of elections and information security. This article aims to analyze the mechanisms through which GenAI shapes the information environment and to assess its implications for democratic resilience. The study is based on a systemized review of scholarly literature and institutional reports from 2018–2025, using a qualitative meta-synthesis approach. The results indicate that GenAI significantly lowers the barriers to the production and dissemination of disinformation, enabling the scalable generation of realistic, personalized, and multimodal synthetic content. Its impact is primarily amplificatory, exacerbating existing vulnerabilities in the information environment, including algorithmic amplification of content and erosion of trust in democratic institutions. The key challenge lies not only in the credibility of synthetic content, but also in its capacity to destabilize the epistemic foundations of democracy by systematically undermining the credibility of information itself. The conclusions emphasize the importance of multi-layered strategies for democratic resilience, including regulation, technological solutions, and strengthening the cognitive resilience of citizens.